by 音标拼音: [b'ɑɪ]
prep .
靠,用,通过,乘坐;到…,到…时为止,在…之前;由,被,受到;靠近,接近
靠,用,通过,乘坐;到…,到…时为止,在…之前;由,被,受到;靠近,接近
by *
by adv 1 :
so as to pass a given point ; "
every hour a train goes past " [
synonym : {
by }, {
past }]
2 :
in reserve ;
not for immediate use ; "
started setting aside money to buy a car "; "
put something by for her old age "; "
has a nest egg tucked away for a rainy day " [
synonym : {
aside }, {
by },
{
away }]
By \
By \ (
b [
imac ]),
prep . [
OE .
bi ,
AS .
b [
imac ],
big ,
near to ,
by ,
of ,
from ,
after ,
according to ;
akin to OS . &
OFries .
bi ,
be ,
D .
bij ,
OHG .
b [
imac ],
G .
bei ,
Goth .
bi ,
and perh .
Gr . '
amfi `.
E .
prefix be -
is orig .
the same word . [
root ]
203 .
See pref .
{
Be -}.]
1 .
In the neighborhood of ;
near or next to ;
not far from ;
close to ;
along with ;
as ,
come and sit by me .
[
1913 Webster ]
By foundation or by shady rivulet He sought them both . --
Milton .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
On ;
along ;
in traversing .
Compare 5 .
[
1913 Webster ]
Long labors both by sea and land he bore . --
Dryden .
[
1913 Webster ]
By land ,
by water ,
they renew the charge . --
Pope .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 .
Near to ,
while passing ;
hence ,
from one to the other side of ;
past ;
as ,
to go by a church .
[
1913 Webster ]
4 .
Used in specifying adjacent dimensions ;
as ,
a cabin twenty feet by forty .
[
1913 Webster ]
5 .
Against . [
Obs .] --
Tyndale [
1 .
Cor .
iv .
4 ].
[
1913 Webster ]
6 .
With ,
as means ,
way ,
process ,
etc .;
through means of ;
with aid of ;
through ;
through the act or agency of ;
as ,
a city is destroyed by fire ;
profit is made by commerce ;
to take by force .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
To the meaning of by ,
as denoting means or agency ,
belong ,
more or less closely ,
most of the following uses of the word :
(
a )
It points out the author and producer ;
as , "
Waverley ",
a novel by Sir W .
Scott ;
a statue by Canova ;
a sonata by Beethoven .
(
b )
In an oath or adjuration ,
it indicates the being or thing appealed to as sanction ;
as ,
I affirm to you by all that is sacred ;
he swears by his faith as a Christian ;
no ,
by Heaven .
(
c )
According to ;
by direction ,
authority ,
or example of ;
after ; --
in such phrases as ,
it appears by his account ;
ten o '
clock by my watch ;
to live by rule ;
a model to build by .
(
d )
At the rate of ;
according to the ratio or proportion of ;
in the measure or quantity of ;
as ,
to sell cloth by the yard ,
milk by the quart ,
eggs by the dozen ,
meat by the pound ;
to board by the year .
(
e )
In comparison ,
it denotes the measure of excess or deficiency ;
when anything is increased or diminished ,
it indicates the measure of increase or diminution ;
as ,
larger by a half ;
older by five years ;
to lessen by a third .
(
f )
It expresses continuance or duration ;
during the course of ;
within the period of ;
as ,
by day ,
by night .
(
g )
As soon as ;
not later than ;
near or at ; --
used in expressions of time ;
as ,
by this time the sun had risen ;
he will be here by two o '
clock .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
In boxing the compass ,
by indicates a pint nearer to ,
or towards ,
the next cardinal point ;
as ,
north by east ,
i .
e .,
a point towards the east from the north ;
northeast by east ,
i .
e .,
on point nearer the east than northeast is .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
With is used instead of by before the instrument with which anything is done ;
as ,
to beat one with a stick ;
the board was fastened by the carpenter with nails .
But there are many words which may be regarded as means or processes ,
or ,
figuratively ,
as instruments ;
and whether with or by shall be used with them is a matter of arbitrary ,
and often ,
of unsettled usage ;
as ,
to a reduce a town by famine ;
to consume stubble with fire ;
he gained his purpose by flattery ;
he entertained them with a story ;
he distressed us with or by a recital of his sufferings .
see {
With }.
[
1913 Webster ]
{
By all means },
most assuredly ;
without fail ;
certainly .
{
By and by }.
(
a )
Close together (
of place ). [
Obs .] "
Two yonge knightes liggyng [
lying ]
by and by ." --
Chaucer .
(
b )
Immediately ;
at once . [
Obs .] "
When . . .
persecution ariseth because of the word ,
by and by he is offended ." --
Matt .
xiii .
21 .
(
c )
Presently ;
pretty soon ;
before long .
Note :
In this phrase ,
by seems to be used in the sense of nearness in time ,
and to be repeated for the sake of emphasis ,
and thus to be equivalent to "
soon ,
and soon ,"
that is instantly ;
hence , --
less emphatically ,
--
pretty soon ,
presently .
{
By one '
s self },
with only one '
s self near ;
alone ;
solitary .
{
By the bye }.
See under {
Bye }.
{
By the head } (
Naut .),
having the bows lower than the stern ;
--
said of a vessel when her head is lower in the water than her stern .
If her stern is lower ,
she is by the stern .
{
By the lee },
the situation of a vessel ,
going free ,
when she has fallen off so much as to bring the wind round her stern ,
and to take her sails aback on the other side .
{
By the run },
to let go by the run ,
to let go altogether ,
instead of slacking off .
{
By the way },
by the bye ; --
used to introduce an incidental or secondary remark or subject .
{
Day by day }, {
One by one }, {
Piece by piece },
etc .,
each day ,
each one ,
each piece ,
etc .,
by itself singly or separately ;
each severally .
{
To come by },
to get possession of ;
to obtain .
{
To do by },
to treat ,
to behave toward .
{
To set by },
to value ,
to esteem .
{
To stand by },
to aid ,
to support .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
The common phrase good -
by is equivalent to farewell ,
and would be better written good -
bye ,
as it is a corruption of God be with you (
b '
w '
ye ).
[
1913 Webster ]
By \
By \ (
b [
imac ]),
adv .
1 .
Near ;
in the neighborhood ;
present ;
as ,
there was no person by at the time .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
Passing near ;
going past ;
past ;
beyond ;
as ,
the procession has gone by ;
a bird flew by .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 .
Aside ;
as ,
to lay by ;
to put by .
[
1913 Webster ]
By \
By \ (
b [
imac ]),
a .
Out of the common path ;
aside ; --
used in composition ,
giving the meaning of something aside ,
secondary ,
or incidental ,
or collateral matter ,
a thing private or avoiding notice ;
as ,
by -
line ,
by -
place ,
by -
play ,
by -
street .
It was formerly more freely used in composition than it is now ;
as ,
by -
business ,
by -
concernment ,
by -
design ,
by -
interest ,
etc .
[
1913 Webster ]
77 Moby Thesaurus words for "
by ":
abeam ,
abreast ,
accommodated to ,
according to ,
adapted to ,
adieu ,
adjusted to ,
after ,
agreeable to ,
agreeably to ,
all through ,
along by ,
alongside ,
among ,
answerable to ,
around ,
as to ,
aside ,
at ,
back ,
beside ,
by dint of ,
by means of ,
by use of ,
by virtue of ,
by way of ,
bye -
bye ,
conformable to ,
congruent with ,
consistent with ,
farewell ,
from ,
good -
bye ,
hereby ,
herewith ,
in ,
in accordance with ,
in agreement with ,
in compliance with ,
in conformity with ,
in correspondence to ,
in harmony with ,
in keeping with ,
in line with ,
in lock -
step with ,
in obedience to ,
in reserve ,
in step with ,
in uniformity with ,
in virtue of ,
near ,
nearby ,
next to ,
nigh ,
on ,
over ,
passing by ,
passing through ,
per ,
proper to ,
round ,
round about ,
so long ,
suitable for ,
thanks to ,
thereby ,
therewith ,
through ,
to ,
toward ,
uniform with ,
upon ,
via ,
whereby ,
wherewith ,
wherewithal ,
with
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