mania 音标拼音: [m'eniə]
n . 狂躁,热衷,狂热
狂躁,热衷,狂热
mania n 1 :
an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action [
synonym : {
mania }, {
passion }, {
cacoethes }]
2 :
a mood disorder ;
an affective disorder in which the victim tends to respond excessively and sometimes violently [
synonym :
{
mania }, {
manic disorder }]
Mania \
Ma "
ni *
a \,
n . [
L .
mania ,
Gr . ?,
fr . ?
to rage ;
cf .
OE .
manie ,
F .
manie .
Cf . {
Mind },
n .,
Necromancy .]
1 .
Violent derangement of mind ;
madness ;
insanity .
Cf .
{
Delirium }.
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
Excessive or unreasonable desire ;
insane passion affecting one or many people ;
as ,
the tulip mania .
[
1913 Webster ]
{
Mania a potu } [
L .],
madness from drinking ;
delirium tremens .
[
1913 Webster ]
Syn :
Insanity ;
derangement ;
madness ;
lunacy ;
alienation ;
aberration ;
delirium ;
frenzy .
See {
Insanity }.
[
1913 Webster ]
129 Moby Thesaurus words for "
mania ":
aberration ,
abnormality ,
abstraction ,
abulia ,
alienation ,
an universal wolf ,
anxiety ,
anxiety equivalent ,
anxiety state ,
apathy ,
appetence ,
appetency ,
appetite ,
appetition ,
brain damage ,
brainsickness ,
bug ,
catatonic stupor ,
clouded mind ,
compulsion ,
coveting ,
craving ,
craze ,
craziness ,
crazy fancy ,
daftness ,
dejection ,
dementedness ,
dementia ,
depression ,
derangement ,
desire ,
detachment ,
disorientation ,
distraction ,
elation ,
emotionalism ,
enthusiasm ,
euphoria ,
fad ,
fanaticism ,
fancy ,
fascination ,
fixation ,
fixed idea ,
folie ,
folie du doute ,
frenzy ,
furor ,
furore ,
fury ,
hangup ,
hunger ,
hypochondria ,
hysteria ,
hysterics ,
idee fixe ,
indifference ,
infatuation ,
insaneness ,
insanity ,
insensibility ,
irrationality ,
itch ,
itching ,
lethargy ,
loss of mind ,
loss of reason ,
lunacy ,
madness ,
manic -
depressive psychosis ,
melancholia ,
mental deficiency ,
mental derangement ,
mental disease ,
mental disorder ,
mental distress ,
mental disturbance ,
mental illness ,
mental instability ,
mental sickness ,
mind overthrown ,
mindsickness ,
obsession ,
oddness ,
overambitiousness ,
overanxiety ,
overanxiousness ,
overeagerness ,
overenthusiasm ,
overzealousness ,
passion ,
pathological indecisiveness ,
pixilation ,
possession ,
preoccupation ,
prurience ,
pruriency ,
psychalgia ,
psychomotor disturbance ,
queerness ,
rabidness ,
rage ,
reasonlessness ,
senselessness ,
sexual desire ,
shattered mind ,
sick mind ,
sickness ,
strangeness ,
stupor ,
thing ,
thirst ,
tic ,
twitching ,
unbalance ,
unbalanced mind ,
unresponsiveness ,
unsaneness ,
unsound mind ,
unsoundness ,
unsoundness of mind ,
urge ,
withdrawal ,
witlessness ,
yearning ,
yen ,
zealotism ,
zealotry MANIA ,
med .
jur .
This subject will be considered by examining it ,
first ,
in a medical point of view ;
and ,
secondly ,
as to its legal consequences .
2 .-
Sec .
1 .
Mania may be divided into intellectual and moral .
1 .
Intellectual mania is that state of mind which is characterised by certain hallucinations ,
in which the patient is impressed with the reality of facts or events which have never occurred ,
and acts in accordance with such belief ;
or ,
having some notion not altogether unfounded ,
carries it to an extravagant and absurd length .
It may be considered as involving all or most of the operations of the understanding ,
when it is said to be general ;
or as being confined to a particular idea ,
or train of ideas ,
when it is called partial .
3 .
These will be separately examined .
1st .
General intellectual mania is a disease which presents the most chaotic confusion into which the human mind ,
can be involved ,
and is attended by greater disturbance of the functions of the body than any other .
According to Pinel ,
Traite d '
Alienation Mentale ,
p .
63 , "
The patient sometimes keeps his head elevated and his looks fixed on .
high ;
he speaks in a low voice ,
or utters cries and vociferations without any apparent motive ;
he walks to and fro ,
and sometimes arrests his steps as if fixed by the sentiment of admiration ,
or wrapt up in profound reverie .
Some insane persons display wild excesses of merriment ,
with immoderate bursts of laughter .
Sometimes also ,
as if nature delighted in contrasts ,
gloom and taciturnity prevail ,
with involuntary showers of tears ,
or the anguish of deep sorrow ,
with all the external signs of acute mental suffering .
In certain cases a sudden reddening of the eyes and excessive loquacity give presage of a speedy explosion of violent madness and the urgent necessity of a strict confinement .
One lunatic ,
after long intervals of calmness ,
spoke at first with volubility ,
uttered frequent shouts of laughter ,
and then shed a torrent of tears ;
experience had taught the necessity of shutting him up immediately ,
for his paroxysms were at such times of the greatest violence . "
Sometimes ,
however ,
the patient is not altogether devoid of intelligence ;
answers some questions very appropriately ,
and is not destitute of acuteness and ingenuity .
The derangement in this form of mania is not confined to the intellectual faculties ,
but not unfrequently extends to the moral powers of the mind .
4 .-
2d .
Partial intellectual mania is generally known by the name of monomania . (
q .
v .)
In its most usual and simplest form ,
the patient has conceived some single notion contrary to common sense and to common experience ,
generally dependent on errors of sensation ;
as ,
for example ,
when a person believes that he is made of glass ,
that animals or men have taken their abode in his stomach or bowels .
In these cases the understanding is frequently found to be sound on all subjects ,
except those connected with the hallucination .
Sometimes ,
instead of being limited to a single point ,
this disease takes a wider range ,
and there is a class of cases ,
where it involves a train of morbid ideas .
The patient then imbibes some notions connected with the various relations of persons ,
events ,
time ,
space , &
c .,
of the most absurd and unfounded nature ,
and endeavors ,
in some measure ,
to regulate his conduct accordingly ;
though ,
in most respects ,
it is grossly inconsistent with his delusion .
5 .
Moral mania or moral insanity , (
q .
v .)
is divided into ,
first ,
general ,
where all the moral faculties are subject to a general disturbance and secondly ,
partial ,
where one or two only of the moral powers are perverted .
6 .
These will be briefly and separately examined .
1st .
It is certain that many individuals are living at large who are affected ,
in a degree at least ,
by general moral mania .
They are generally of singular habits ,
wayward temper ,
and eccentric character ;
and circumstances are frequently attending them which induce a belief that they are not altogether sane .
Frequently there is a hereditary tendency to madness in the family ;
and ,
not seldom ,
the individual himself has at a previous period of life sustained an attack of a decided character :
his temper has undergone a change ,
he has become an altered man ,
probably from the time of the occurrence of something which deeply affected him ,
or which deeply affected his bodily constitution .
Sometimes these alterations are imperceptible ,
at others ,
they are sudden and immediate .
Individuals afflicted with this disease not unfrequently "
perform most of the common duties of life with propriety ,
and some of them ,
indeed ,
with scrupulous exactness ,
who exhibit no strongly marked features of either temperament ,
no traits of superior or defective mental endowment ,
but yet take violent antipathies ,
harbor unjust suspicions ,
indulge strong propensities ,
affect singularity in dress ,
gait ,
and phraseology ;
are proud ,
conceited ,
and ostentatious ;
easily excited and with difficulty appeased ;
dead to sensibility ,
delicacy ,
and refinement ;
obstinately riveted to the most absurd opinions ;
prone to controversy ,
and yet incapable of reasoning ;
always the hero of their own tale ,
using hyperbolic ,
high flown language to express the most simple ideas ,
accompanied by unnatural gesticulation ,
inordinate action ,
and frequently by the most alarming expression of countenance .
On some occasions they suspect sinister intentions on the most trivial grounds ;
on others are a prey to fear and dread from the most ridiculous and imaginary sources ;
now embracing every opportunity of exhibiting romantic courage and feats and hardihood ,
then indulging themselves in all manner of excesses .
Persons of this description ,
to the casual observer ,
might appear actuated by a bad heart ,
but the experienced physician knows it is the head which is defective .
They seem as if constantly affected by a greater or less degree of stimulation from intoxicating liquors ,
while the expression of countenance furnishes an infallible proof of mental disease .
If subjected to moral restraint ,
or a medical regimen ,
they yield with reluctance to the means proposed ,
and generally refuse and resist ,
on the ground that such means are unnecessary where no disease exists ;
and when ,
by the system adopted ,
they are so far recovered ,
as to be enabled to suppress the exhibition of their former peculiarities ,
and are again fit to be restored to society ,
the physician ,
and those friends who put them under the physician '
s care ,
are generally ever after objects of enmity ,
and frequently of revenge ."
Cox ,
see cases of this Pract .
Obs .
on Insanity ,
kind of madness cited in Ray ,
Med .
Jur .
Sec .
112 to 119 ;
Combe '
s Moral Philos .
lect .
12 .
7 .-
2d .
Partial moral mania consists in the derangement of one or a few of the affective faculties ,
the moral and intellectual constitution in other respects remaining in a sound state .
With a mind apparently in full possession of his reason ,
the patient commits a crime ,
without any extraordinary temptation ,
and with every inducement to refrain from it ,
he appears to act without a motive ,
or in opposition to one ,
with the most perfect consciousness of the impropriety ,
of his conduct ,
and yet he pursues perseveringly his mad course .
This disease of the mind manifests itself in a variety of ways ,
among which may be mentioned the following :
1 .
An irresistible propensity to steal .
2 .
An inordinate propensity to lying .
3 .
A morbid activity of the sexual propensity .
Vide Erotic Mania .
4 .
A morbid propensity to commit arson .
5 .
A morbid activity of the propensity to destroy .
Ray ,
Med .
Jur .
ch .
7 .
8 .-
Sec .
2 .
In general ,
persons laboring under mania are not responsible nor bound for their acts like other persons ,
either in their contracts or for their crimes ,
and their wills or testaments are voidable .
Vide Insanity ;
Moral Insanity .
2 Phillim .
Eccl .
R .
69 ;
1 Hagg .
Cons :
R .
414 ;
4 Pick .
R .
32 ;
3 Addams ,
R .
79 ;
1 Litt .
R .
371 .
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