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Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Edition (1856)

TREATY, international law. A treaty is a compact made between two or more
independent nations with a view to the public welfare treaties are for a
perpetuity, or for a considerable time. Those matters which are accomplished
by a single act, and are at once perfected in their execution, are called
agreements, conventions and pactions.
2. On the part of the United States, treaties are made by the
president, by and with the consent of the senate, provided two-thirds of the
senators present concur. Const. article 2, s. 2, n. 2.
3. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance or confederation;
Const. art. 1, s. 10, n. 1; nor shall any state, without the consent of
congress, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a
foreign power. Id. art. 1, see. 10, n. 2; 3 Story on the Const. Sec. 1395.
4. A treaty is declared to be the supreme law of the land, and is
therefore obligatory on courts; 1 Cranch, R. 103; 1 Wash. C. C. R. 322 1
Paine, 55; whenever it operates of itself without the aid of a legislative
provision; but when the terms of the stipulation import a contract, and
either of the parties engages to perform a particular act, the treaty
addresses itself to the political, not the judicial department, and the
legislature must execute the contract before it can become a rule of the
court. 2 Pet. S. C. Rep. 814. Vide Story on the Constitut. Index, h.t.;
Serg. Constit. Law, Index, h.t.; 4 Hall's Law Journal, 461; 6 Wheat. 161: 3
Dall. 199; 1 Kent, Comm. 165, 284.
5. Treaties are divided into personal and real. The personal relate
exclusively to the persons of the contracting parties, such as family
alliances, and treaties guarantying the throne to a particular sovereign and
his family. As they relate to the persons they expire of course on the death
of the sovereign or the extinction of his family. Real treaties relate
solely to the subject-matters of the convention, independently of the
persons of the contracting parties, and continue to bind the state, although
there may be changes in its constitution, or in the persons of its rulers.
Vattel, Law of Nat. b. 2, c. 12, 183-197.

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